Transformer cut-out.



N10. 801,589 PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905. J* P. HETHERINGTON. TRANSFORMBR GUT-OUT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4. 1905A 2 SHEETS-SHEET L magma,

PATENTED 00T. 10, 1905. J. P. HETHERINGI'ON.

TRANSFORMER CUT-OUT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4. 1905.

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JOHN P. HETHERINGTON, OF LOGANSPORT, INDIANA.

TRANSFORNIER CUT-OUT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1905.

Application filed January 4, 1905. Serial No. 239,553.

T0 @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. HETHERING- TON, acitizen of. theUnited States of America, and a resident of Logansport, in the county of Cass and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformer Out-Outs, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in transformer cutouts; and it has for its objects, among others, to provide an improved construction whereby one transformer can be cut in and another out where for any reason it is desirable. For instance, during the day, when few lights only are burning, the small transformer will be capable of doing thework.

As is well known, small transformers are less .economical than large ones. quently happens that it is not desirable to cut a large one in to assist the small one so at night when the load is heavy and the current consumption greater the small one can be switched out and the large one made to do the heavy work.

The construction is practically identical with that which cuts in assisting or multiple transformers, with the exception that all transformer-wires, both primary and secondary, and no motor-wire crosses the switch.

The principle of my present invention may be embodied in a variety of ways, the transn formers being in multiple or single, as may be most convenient or best suited to the work to be performed. In the present instance I have chosen to show both the single-transformer construction and also that in which the transformers are in multiple.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appear, and the novel features thereof will be specifically defined by the appended claims.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which, with the numerals of reference marked thereon, form a part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a dia rammatic view illustrating the single-trans ormer construction. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the transformers in multiple. Fig. 3 is a detail of one form of switch.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in the different views where they apear. p Referring now to the details of the drawings, 1 designates the motor, which may be l It fredouble, reversible, or constructed to turn over and over to operate the switch. This switch may be of any suitable character and may carry as many contacts as may be desired. Tf the number of contacts necessitates a switch too long for convenience, it can be cut up into as many parts as preferred or arranged differently, as by making a large round center with contacts occupying the same position longitudinally, but different points on the circumference. Such a construction is illustrated in Fig. 3.

2, Fig.A 1, is a small transformer to carry the light day load, while 3 is the large transformer, large enough to carry the heavy night load. These transformers, it will be understood, are of the ordinary or any approved form.

4 is a magnet or solenoid constructed. to make and break the circuit between the points 5, 6, 7, and 8, Fig. 1, and this magnet or solenoid may be directly in the circuit or shunted in through the lines 9 and 10 and. the resistance l1, as will be clearly understood from Fig. 1.

12 and 13 are the high-tension mains, and 14 and 15 the house-circuit.

16 isva line connecting the transformer 3 with the switch 42. 18 is another wire connecting the said transformer 3 with another contact of the switch. 19 is another wire leading from the transformer 3 to another contact of the switch, and 20 is a wire leading from this wire 19 to the armature-conductor 21. 22 is another wire leading from the switch to the transformer 3.

A. wire 23 leads from the high-tension main 12 to the contact of the switch, while a wire 24 leads from the high-tension Wire 13 to another contact of the said switch. 25 is an other wire connecting the high-tension wire l2 with a contact of the switch, while 26 is another wire which leads from the high-tension main 13 to the said switch, all as shown in Fig. 1.

From the contact-point 8 there runs a wire 27 to the motor, and from the contact-point 5 runs a wire 28 also to the motor. From the transformer 2 runs a wire 29 to the IOO switch, and also another wire 30 connects the small transformer 2 with the said switch. From the said-transformer 2 the wire 31 eX- tends to the switch, as does also the wire 32. From the line 32 there extends a wire 33, which runs to the armature-conductor 34.

35 is a wire leading from the motor to the ITO wire 22 near the switch, while 36 is another by the wire 61 with the switch upon one side,

wire that runs from the motor to the wire 31.

From the switch runs the wire 38 to the line 13, and from the wire 13a the wire 39 extends to the switch. From the switch the wire 40 leads to the wire 14a, while the wire 41 leads from the switch to the wire 14EL from the other side. The current goes in through 40, out through 38, in through 41, out through 39.

The switch 42 may be of any form of construction suited to the purpose, that herein illustrated serving efliciently, It comprises a shaft 43, actuated by the motor and carrying a series of contacts 44, with which the contacts 45 are adapted to cooperate, as will soon be made apparent. Suitable springs 100 are shown as connected tothe armatures and acting in opposition to their magnets.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a manner in which the switch-shaft may be arranged to eoonomize space. In this view the shaft 46 is enlarged and is provided with contacts 47, occupying the same position longitudinally, but at different points circumferentially, as will be readily understood.

I/Vith the construction substantially as above outlined the operation will be readily understood, the arrows in Fig. 1 indicating the direction taken by the current over the various lines, and the results obtained when the parts are in their various positions will be fully described later on but it is deemed advisable to first describe the construction and arrangements of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 2 and then proceed with the description of the operation, as the two views will mutually aid in the better understanding of such operation. A two-wire primary and a three-wire secondary are not shown; but the mechanism would be substantially the same, although only two transformers would be used, as in Fig. 1,' each secondary being tapped with a third wire, which makes a three-wire secondary, as illustrated in another application. In the present instance Fig. 2 contains everything shown in Fig. l and will do the work of Fig. 1; but Fig. 1 makes Fig. 2 more easily understood and also shows a single transformer construction, while Fig. 2 shows the transformers in multiple. Referring then to Fig. 2, there are two large transformers50 and 51 and two small transformers 52 and 53 and two magnets 54 and 55. The various wires, as shown in Fig. 1, are the same in the construction illustrated in Fig. 2, the additional parts and connections being as follows: The wire 56 connects the two transformers 5() and 51 and the wire 18. The wire 57 connects the two transformers 50 and 51 and the wire 19. An additional wire 58 connects the transformer 50 with the switch. Another wire 59 connects the transformer 50 and the said switch. The third high-tension main 60 is connected while the wire 62 connects the switch with the said high-tension main 60 upon the other side. A wire 63 connects the switch with the small transformer 52, while the wire 64 connects the two transformers 52 and 53 and the wire 30. The wire 65 connects the two small transformers 52 and 53 and the wire The wire 66 connects the small transformer 52 with the switch 42. The wire 67 leads from the switch to the lino 69, and a wire 68 leads from this wire in the other direction to the said switch. From the wire 67 leads the wire 69. The armature-conductors 70 and 71 of the magnet 55 are connected, respectively, with the wires 72 and 73, the former connecting by wire 74 with the armature-conductor 34 of the magnet 54 and the latter by the wire 75 with the armature-conductor 21 of the said magnet 54. The wire 38 connects with the wire 15, while from the wire 20 the wire 76 connects with the contact-point 8. A wire 77 connects the wire 27 with the contact-point 78 of the armature 71, a wire 79 connecting the wire 28 with the contact-point 80. 81 is a resistance, and 82 and 83 wires, by which the magnet 55 is shunted in, as will be readily understood from Fig. 2.

It is to be understood that in lieu of the two transformers when arranged in multiple I may sometimes employ two windings on the same transformer-core, and hence where in the following description or claims I refer to transformers in multiple I wish it to be understood as covering either two separate transformers, as shown, or two windings on the same transformer-core, the result being practically the same.

With the parts constructed and arranged to constitute a mechanism substantially as hereinbefore described, the operation, briefly stated, will be substantially as follows: Referring to Fig. 1, if current is consumed between the lines 14 and 15 it causes a primary current to pass from the line 12 through the line 25, switch 42, line 30, to the transformer 2 and the line 29 back and through the switch and line 26 to the line 13. The secondary current passes from the transformer 2 over the line 32, switch 42, lines 40 and 14, to the point of current consumption, returning over the lines 15 and 38, switch 42, and line 31 to the small transformer 2. I/Vhen the small transformer 2 is overloaded, the magnet (or solenoid) 4 causes the contact 6 to touch the contact-point 5. r1`his allows the current to flow through the lines 32 and 33, armature-condiretor 34, contact 6, point 5, line 28, motor 1, line 36, to line 31, causing the motor to revolve, closing the switch between the lines 24 and 16, 23 and 18, 41 and 19, and 39 and 22 and opening the lines 30 and 25, 29 and 26, 31 and 38, and 32 and 49, which stops the motor. The primary current now passes from the line 12 over the IOO IIO

line 23, switch 42 line 18, to the large transformer 3, returning over the line 16, switch 42, and line 24 to the line 13. The secondary current passes from the transformer 3 over the line 19, switch 42, lines 41 and 14u and 14 to the point of current consumption, as before, returning over the lines 15, 39, switch 42, and line 22 to the transformer 3. When the load falls to where the transformer 2 can carry it, the magnet or solenoid 4 allows the contact 7 to touch the point 8. This allows the current to flow over lines 19 20, armature-conductor 21, contact 7, point 8, line 27, motor 1, and lines 35 to 22. This causes the motor .to revolve, closing the switch between lines 25 30, 26 29, 31 38, and 32 40 and opening lines 24 16, 23 18, 41 19, and 22 39, leaving the mechanism as at the beginning. Referring to Fig. 2, if current is consumed between the lines 14 and 69 it causes the primary current to flow from the line 12 over the line 25, switch 42, line 30 to the transformer 52 and back through the line 63, switch 42, line 61 to the line 60. The

secondary current passes from the trans-` former 52 over the lines 65 32, switch 42, lines 40 and 14, to the point of consumption of current and back through the lines 69 68 switch42, lines 66, to the transformer 52. Starting at the transformer 53 the current passes over lines 65 32'33 74, armature-conductor 34, contact 6, point 5, line 28, motor 1, 'lines 93 and 31, to transformer 53. lt should be noted that the motor is always operated by the transformer 53 on the left and 51 on the right, no difference which transformer (or both) is supplying commercial current. The motor is not run from the transformer 52. When the current is being consumed only between lines 14 and 69, the transformer 53 is idle. The line is unbalanced; but the transformer 53 is energized ready to work, so it is made to run the motor always when transformers 52 and 53 are alive. When the transformer 52 is overloaded, the magnet or solenoid 54 causes the armature-contact 6 to touch the point 5. This allows the current to flow through the lines 32 33, 74, armature-conductor 34, contact 6, point 5, line '28, motor 1, line 93 to the line 31, causing the motor to revolve, closing the switch between the lines 24 16, 23 18, 62 59, 67 58, 41 19, and 39 22, and opening the lines 63 61, 30 25, 29 26, 31 38, 32 40, and 66 68, which stops the motor. The primary current now passes from the line 12 over the line 23, switch 42, lines 18 and 56, to the large transformer 50 and back through the line 59, switch 42, line 62, to line 60. The secondary current passes from the transformer 50 over the lines 57 19, switch 42, lines 41 and 14, to the point of current consumption, as before, returning over the lines 69 67, switch 42, and the line 58 to the transformer 50. When the load falls to where the transformer 52 can carry it, the magnet or solenoid 54 allows the contact 7 to touch the point 8. This allows the current to flow over the lines 57, 19, 20, and 76, point 8, contact 7, armature-conductor 21, line 73, armature-conductor 71, contact 92, point 78, lines 77 and 27, motor 1, and line 35 to the line 22. This causes the motor to revolve, closing the switch between the nues 63 61,30 25, 2o 2e, :n 3s, 32 4o, and ce 68 and opening the lines 24 16, 23 18, 62 59, 67 58, 41 19, and 39 22, leaving the mechanism as at the beginning. lt should be here noted that commercial current is supplied by transformer 50, (the line being unbalanced,) while the transformer 51 runs the motor. It is an independent circuit and not a shunt. lf the current is consumed between the lines 69 and 15, it causes the primary current to flow from the line to the line 61, switch 42, line 63, to transformer 52, across the line 64 to the transformer 53 and back through the line 29, switch 42,line 26, to the line 13. The secondary current passes from the transformer 52 over the line 66, switch 42 lines 68 and 69 to the point of current consumption and back through the lines 15 and 38, switch 42, and the line 31 to the transformer 53 and line 65 to the transformer 52. When the small transformers 52 and 53 are overloaded, the magnet or solenoid 55 causes the contact 95 to touch the point 80. This allows the current to iiow through the lines 32, 33, and 72 and armature-conductor 70, contact 95, point 80, lines 79 and 28, motor 1,line 93, to the line 31, causing the motor to revolve, closing the switch between the lines 24 16, 23 18, 62 59, 67 58, 41 19, and 39 22' and opening the switch between the lines 63 61, 30 25, 29 26, 31 38, 32 40, and 66 68, which stops the motor. The primary current now passes from the line 60 through the line 62, switch 42, line 59, to the large transformer 50, across the line 56 to the'transformer 51 and back through the line 16, switch 42, and the line 24 to the line 13. The secondary current passes from the transformer 50 over the line 58, switch 42, lines 67 and 69, as before, and returns through the lines 15 39, switch 42, line 22, to the transformer 51 and line 57 to the transformer 50. Then the load falls to where the small transformers 52 and 53 can carry it, the magnet or solenoid 55 allows the contact 92 to touch the point 78. This allows the current to flow over the lines 19 20 76, point 8, contact 7, armature-conductor 21, line 73, armature-conductor 71, contact 92, point 78, lines 77 and 27, motor 1, and the line 35 to the line 22. This causes the motor to revolve, closing the switch between the lines e3 61, so 25, 29 2e, 31 se, 32 4o, and 66 68 and opening the same between the lines 24 16, 2s is, 62 5o, 67 58,41 19, and 39 22, leaving the mechanism as at the beginning.

From the above the various advantages of the present invention will be made clear, and

IOO

while the structural embodiment of the prinnet and connections, as and for the purpose ciple of my invention as herembel'ore set i set forth.

forth is what I at the present time consider the preferable one it is evident that the same is subject to changes, variations, and modifi.- cations without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages. I therefore do not wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, but reserve the right to make such changes, variations, and modifications as come properly within. the scope of the protection prayed.

Vhat is claimed as new isl. In a transformer cut-out mechanism, a large transformer, a small transformer, a motor, a switch and connections between said parts for automatically cutting in or out ll. In a transformer cut-out, a large transformer, a small transformer, a motor, a switch, a magnet and its armature and contact-points, and connections between said parts whereby either of the transformers can be positively and automatically cut out, as set forth.

5. In a transformer cut-out, small transformers in multiple, large transformers in multiple, a motor, magnets and connections whereby either transformer may be automatically and positively cut out or in, as set forth.

6. In a transformer cut-out, a small transformer, a large transformer, a motor, a switch, high-tension mains, connections between the said parts and the service-wires and means whereby the automatic cut in or out of either transformer is insured, as set forth.

Signed by me at Logansport, Indiana, this 31st day of December, 1904.

JOI-IN P. IIETHERINGTON. fitnesses E. I. CLossoN, MA'rrrE M. FEReUs. 

